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What is Infertility?
Infertilty means being unable to get pregnant in 1 year despite regular sexual intercourse. The rate of encountering infertility problem in the community is around 15%. The fertility of pregnancy in nature is low. The pregnancy chance of a couple who had a child before is around 25% although there is not any problem about getting pregnant in husband or wife. At the end of a year, the 85% of the couples in community can get pregnant, but 15% enter the definition of infertility.
The men factor in the 40% of the infertile couples is generally responsible. Ovulation of woman is responsible in 15% couples and problems related to womb-tube are responsible in 15% couples. In 30-40% couples, problems belonging to both man and woman contribute. Present diagnostic tests are normal and a visible problem cannot be detected in 15% couples, which is called as unexplainable infertility.
Fast developments have been achieved in diagnosis and especially treatment of the infertile patients in the last 10 years. Most couples who were hopeless before have the chance to have a child with the developments in tube baby and relative techniques.
The first tube baby (Louis Brown) in human was born in 1978. The first pregnancy was reported after microinjection performed by using the sperm in semen in 1992. In the cases of azoospermia that is defined as lack of sperm in semen, the first pregnancy after microinjection by gainin sperm from testicle (TESE) was reported in 1995. While the only chance to have a child was to adopt a child before 1995 in couples who are infertile because of non-blocking azoospermia, presenting a chance of pregnancy in 40-45% when there is sperm in TESE is an unbelievable development. Both main and clinic studies continuing on this subject will enable to produce new applications which increase success chance in tube baby applications in near future.
Microinjection is a revolution in the treatment of men’s infertility. Microinjection is based on placing a sperm into an egg. If sperm is alive, variations in sperm shape and mobility are bypassed in microinjection and lose their importance.
Tube baby application in infertile couples should be seen as the last treatment option. First, standard treatment methods should be applied according to the infertility reason. Tube baby should be preferred in the cases in which no result is achieved with the standard treatment methods. The fact that woman’a age in this context is very important should not be disregarded. The potential of getting pregnant decreases especially after 38th age. The success chance decreases in every kind of treatments including tube baby in the existence of older age of woman. For this reason, we recommend couples who have difficulty in getting pregnant to try tube baby application without delay after a proper research if success cannot be obtained with treatment options before tube baby.
As a result, great distances have been covered in medicine about having a child of infertile couples. The most important element determinin the success of the treatment is correct diagnosis and selection and quick application of the most effective treatment.
If a couple cannot have a child although they have regular sexual intercourse along one year without using any birth control method, this is defined as infertility. One of the every 10 couples faces the infertility problem.
The problem may stem from man, woman or both of them in the infertility. For this reason, it is one of the most important principles that man and woman should be examined together and diagnostic tests should be asked from both of them in infertility diagnosis and treatment
Infertility stems from women for about 40% and men about 40%. The reason cannot be explained in 20% cases.
Reasons of men’s infertility:
* Low sperm amount
* Bad sperm movement; sperms cannot pass through the womb to reach the egg
* Bad shape “morphology”; it causes sperm not to enter into the egg
* Lack of sperm production or lack of sperm (it may occur because of blockage in sperm ways)
Reasons of these disorders may be these:
* Varicosele (enlargement in testicle vessels)
* Testicle infections (mumps etc.)
* Hormonal disorders
* Testicle tumors
* Genetic anomalies
* Immunological reasons (existence of agents we call as antibody that occur against sperm cells and removes them)
* Psychological reasons
* Sexual intercourse disorders; erectile and ejaculation disorders
Reasons of women’s infertility
* Hormonal disorders
* Damaged or blocked tubes
* Structural problems about the womb
* Endometriosis
* Immunological reasons (production of harmful agents we call as antibody that occur against sperm cells and removes them)
* Genetic disorders
* Psychological reasons