ANDROLOGY

Andrology, known as the “science of men”, includes many diagnoses related to male diseases. Andrology is also described as a branch of medicine that deals with male reproductive and sexual health problems.

Differences Between Andrology and Urology?

Andrology is a branch of urology and mainly deals with reproductive and sexual health issues. All abnormal conditions concerning sexual intercourse and sexual organs in men cover the andrology section.

What Does Andrology Look At?

Andrology deals with the treatment of many diseases such as male infertility (infertility) and micropenis, which are caused by the male reproductive system. If we list these diseases:

• Benign Prostate Growth and Effects on Sexual Health
• Premature ejaculation (Premature Ejaculation)
• Erectile dysfunction (Erectile Dysfunction)
• Prostatitis
• Peyronie’s Disease (Penal Curvature)
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (HPV, Herpes etc.)
• Decreased sexual desire
• Male Infertility (Infertility)
• Varicocele
• Vasectomy

Andrology Department Treatment Areas?

Male Infertility: Infertility is the inability to have children despite regular, unprotected intercourse for about a year or more. Since 15% of couples have infertility problems, the search for treatment begins. Half of the couples diagnosed with infertility are male and half are female. Factors that cause infertility in couples are examined.

Sperm production, the transport of sperm from the testicles into the semen, and the presence of sufficient number and quality sperm in the semen are very important for a healthy pregnancy. Varicocele is the main cause of male infertility. Varicocele is called the enlargement and enlargement of the veins in the scrotum by swelling in men.

Many factors such as hormones, malnutrition, environmental factors, advanced age and obstruction in the ducts that carry sperm are factors that affect sperm production from its transport. These factors cause male infertility. Many factors such as congenital diseases of the testis, infections, operations and tumors of the testis also affect sperm production in the testis. Other reasons affecting the absence or low sperm count in men are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and various genotoxic drugs.

How is Sperm Prepared in the Department of Andrology?

Andrology is the section where sperm are prepared for inoculation and microinjection in vitro fertilization. The procedures performed in the andrology laboratory are carried out meticulously thanks to special systems. A male patient gives sperm samples by masturbation. The sperm samples taken are subjected to special processes and the motile sperms in the semen are separated from the immobile sperms. In addition, bacteria and foreign substances in the semen are decomposed. The aim here is to create a high quality and mobile sperm group that will ensure the fertilization of the egg.

What Should Infertile Couples Do?

The causes of infertility in men consist of many factors. Couples should come to the examination without despair since the diagnosis of male infertility (infertility). To evaluate the sperm quality and number of the male partners of the couples, sperm / semen analysis is at the beginning of the analysis. This analysis is also popularly known as the male infertility test.

If there is a necessary condition after the evaluated results, ultrasound evaluation of the testicles and hormone and genetic tests are requested. If there is an infertility condition detected after all procedures, hormone therapy, infection treatment and surgical treatments and assisted reproductive techniques are applied based on the underlying cause of infertility.

What are Assisted Reproductive Techniques?

According to the data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, the number of sperms in the “normal range of sperm test” is 39 million (15 million per milliliter), forward motility 32%, pH >7.2; Its volume should be >2 ml, and the proportion of normal shaped sperm (morphology) should be over 4%. Oligospermia is a diagnosis that means low sperm count. If the sperm concentration is below 15 million per milliliter, it is considered as oligospermia.

If the number of motile sperm reaches 5 million following the treatment of diseases that impair sperm count and quality in individuals with oligospermia, vaccination (Intrauterine Insemination – IUI) treatment is applied. If the vaccination process is unsuccessful, in vitro fertilization is started.

What to do with a man who has no sperm?

Male infertility is seen in approximately 17% of individuals. 5-7% of the population is affected by this condition, which is called azoosperm, and the chance of having a child still continues. After evaluating the hormonal status, there are several treatment methods, especially micro-tese surgery. Azoosperm disease can be congenital or occur later. Sperm can be obtained with the help of surgical interventions in men who have azoospermia problems. Are these sperms in IVF treatment?

It can be used during injection. For this reason, many men can have children naturally.

Infertility Symptoms in Men

Infertility symptoms are different in men and women. The symptoms of male infertility are as follows:

• Not being able to have children is one of the main symptoms.
• Sexual dysfunctions
• Having a low sperm count
• Pain and swelling in the testis
• A decrease in beard, mustache or other body hair due to hormonal disorder